to do 还是doing一个及物动词后接另一动词作宾语或者宾语补足语时,有时只能用不定式,有时只能用动名词或者现在分词,有时用不定式或动名词均可且含义相同,有时用不定式或动名词均可但含义不同。具体情况大致如下:一、习惯上只接动名词作宾语的
to do 还是doing
一个及物动词后接另一动词作宾语或者宾语补足语时,有时只能用不定式,有时只能用动名词或者现在分词,有时用不定式或动名词均可且含义相同,有时用不定式或动名词均可但含义不同。具体情况大致如下:
一、习惯上只接动名词作宾语的动词(42个)
admit(承认),advise(建议),allow(允许),anticipate(预料),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),defer(延期),delay(推迟),deny(否认),detest(讨厌),discuss(讨论),dislike(不喜欢),dread(担心),enjoy(喜爱),escape(逃脱),excuse(原谅),fancy(设想),finish(完成),forbid(禁止),forgive(原谅),imagine (想像),keep(保持),loathe(厌恶),mention(提及),mind(介意),miss(没赶上),pardon(原谅),permit(允许),practice(练习),prevent(阻止),prohibit(禁止),propose(建议),recollect(记得),report(报告),resent(愤恨),resist(抵制),risk(冒险),stand(容忍),stop(停止,阻止),suggest(提议),understand(理解)
The thief admitted having stolen my car. 小偷供认偷了我的车子。
I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。
We don’t allow smoking in the hall. 我们不允许有人在大厅里吸烟。
Imagine being on the moon.想像一下是在月球上。
We shouldn’t keep thinking about it. 我们不应该老想着这事。
Would you mind not going there? 你可否不去那儿呢?
I finished doing my homework last night. 我昨晚做完了作业。
He dislikes watching TV. 他不喜欢看电视。
Are you practicing playing the guitar now? 你在练习弹吉他吗?
The neighbours reported seeing him leavethe building at noon. 邻居们反应说在中午看见他离开了大楼。
二、习惯上只接不定式作宾语的动词
afford (付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到), appear(显得),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt (试图),care(想要),choose(决定),claim(声称),condescend(屈尊),consent(准许),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(决心),endeavor(竭力),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助),hesitate(犹豫),hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),proceed(接着做),promise(答应),prove(证明),refuse(拒绝),resolve(解决),seem(觉得好像),swear(发誓),tend(往往会),threaten(预示),undertake(承诺),volunteer(自愿做),vow(发誓),want(想要),wish(希望)
I can’t afford to buy this house. 我买不起这栋房子。
I hope/wish to stay with you this summer. 今年暑假,我希望和你住在一起。
He promised to meet me at the station. 他答应到车站接我。
Do you agree to go shopping with me? 你同意和我一起去购物吗?
More and more people choose not to marry. 越来越多的人情愿不结婚。
They have decided to leave for Beijing the day aftertomorrow. 他们决定后天动身去北京。
Have you planned to buy a car? 你计划好了要买车吗?
Who can volunteer to answer this question? 谁自愿来回答这道题?
I’m learning to drive a car. 我在学开车。
We want to have a rest. 我们想休息一下。
三、接动名词或不定式作宾语且意义相差不大的动词
like(喜欢),love(喜欢),hate(憎恨),prefer(宁可),begin(开始),start(开始),continue(继续),can’t bear(不能忍受),bother(麻烦),intend(想要),cease(停止)
He likes to sing [singing]. 他喜欢唱歌。
It has started to rain [raining]. 开始下雨了。
You needn’t bother to come up [coming up]. 你不必费心过来了。
The baby continued to cry [crying] allnight. 这孩子哭了一整夜。
The old man ceased breathing [to breathe]. 老人停止了呼吸。
注:(1)当 like, love, hate, prefer 与 would或者should 连用时,其后只能接不定式。例如:
我想现在就去。
误:I’d like going now.
正:I’d like to go now.
(2)当 begin, start 本身为进行时态或后接 know, realize, understand 等静态动词时,其后的动词只能用不定式。
他开始认识到他错了。
误:He began realizing that he waswrong.
正:He began to realize that he waswrong.
四、接动名词或者不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词
1、remember(记得),forget(忘记),regret(后悔),stop(停止)
(1)后接不定式时指该不定式所表示的动作后发生。例如:
Remember to clean your room. 记得打扫房间。(还未打扫,先是remember,之后才clean)
He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(尚未付钱,forgot时还没pay)
He stopped to listen, but heard nothing. 他停下来听了听,但什么声音也没有听到。(先停后听)
(2)后接动名词时则指该动名词所表示的动作先发生。例如:
I remember cleaning the classroom. 我记得打扫了教室。(已打扫过)
He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(已付过钱了)
He stopped speaking. 他不讲话了。(先说后停)
(3)注意:go on to do sth 和go on doing sth 也有类似差别:前者表示做完某事后接着做另一事,后者表示继续做正在做的事。例如:
You shouldn’t go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。(go on 后接doing通常被认为是现在分词而不是动名词)
Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习
2、try 后接不定式表示设法做某事,接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。例如:
I’ll try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来。
Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。
3、mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事,接动名词表示意味着(做某事,接动名词表示意味着要)做某事。例如:
He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。
This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。
4、can’t help后接动名词表示禁不住做某事,接不定式表示不能帮助做某事。例如:
He couldn’t help crying when he heard thenews. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。
The medicine can’t help to get rid of yourcold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。
五、接动名词或者不定式作宾语但语态不同的动词
在 need, want,require等表示“需要”的动词后,接不定式和动名词均可,且含义也相同,但是语态不同:接动名词时用主动式表示被动含义,接不定式时则要用被动式表示。例如:
My coat needs mending [to be mended]. 我的外套需要缝补一下。
I need to mend my coat. 我要补一下我的外套。
Your coat wants brushing [to be brushed]. 你的大衣需要刷一刷。
I want to brush your coat. 我想刷一刷你的外套。
六、后接不定式作宾补的动词
admit(承认),advise(建议),allow(允许), ask(请求), beg(请求), bribe(行贿),cause(导致),compel(迫使), command(命令),encourage(鼓励),expect(期望), forbid(禁止), force(迫使),get(使得),hate(憎恨),help(帮助),implore(恳求),induce(劝说),instruct(吩咐), invite(邀请),like(喜欢),oblige(强迫), order(命令),permit(允许), persuade(说服), remind(提醒), report(报告), request(要求), show(表现), teach(教), tell(告诉),tempt(诱惑), urge(敦促), want(想要),warn(警告),wish(希望)
He advised me to buy a computer. 他建议我买台电脑。
We expected him to arrive in time. 我们希望他及时到。
I usually help Mum do the housework on Saturdays.星期六,我通常帮助妈妈做家务。
Please tell her not to make so much noise. 请告诉她别弄出那么多的响声。
另外,使役动词let,
make, have和感官动词see,
hear, feel, smell, listen to, notice, watch等,后接不带to的不定式作宾补。
七、后接“逻辑主语+动名词”结构的动词
有些动词后接动名词作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语,构成“动词+名词/代词+动名词”或者“动词+物主形容词/名词所有格+动名词”的结构。此类动词通常有:dislike(或like的否定句),dread, fancy, mean, mind, involve,propose, recollect, remember, resent, save, stop, suggest, understand等。例如:
My father dislikes me/my working late. 我父亲不喜欢我工作到很晚。
He resented me/my being promoted beforehim. 他不满我先于他提升。
I don’t remember our teacher(’s)complaining. 我不记得老师曾抱怨过。
Do you mind his/him sitting here? 你介意他坐这儿吗?
excuse, forgive, pardon和prevent后除了可以用上述结构外,还可以接“代词+介词+动名词”的结构。例如:
Forgive my/me calling you up so early. 请原谅我这么早给你打电话。
Forgive me for calling you up so early. 请原谅我这么早给你打电话。
You can’t prevent his/him spending his ownmoney. 你不能阻止他花他自己的钱。
You can’t prevent him from spending his ownmoney. 你不能阻止他花他自己的钱。
八、后接不定式或者现在分词作宾补的动词
此类动词通常是see,hear, feel, smell, listen to, notice, watch等感官动词。我们一般用现在分词来表示正在进行的未完成的动作;用不定式表示已经完成的动作,经常性的动作,或非延续性的动作,此时的动词不定式在主动语态中不带to,在被动语态中必须带to。例如:
I saw him playing basketball on theplayground. 我看见他在操场上打篮球。(正在打,部分过程)
I saw him play basketball on theplayground. 我看见他在操场上打篮球。(打完球了,全过程;主动句,无to)
He was seen to play basketball on theplayground. 有人看见他在操场上打篮球。(被动句,要带to)
I noticed him buy a pen in the shop. 我看见他在商店里买了一支笔。(buy为非延续性动词)
We often hear her sing in the classroom. 我们经常听见她在教室里唱歌。(经常性的动作)